Restriction(s): Acceptance in the Teaching, with Teacher Certification in Elementary School Teacher in Grades K‑6 (MAT) program or with permission of the graduate program coordinator. This course is intended to strengthen pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers’ mathematics content knowledge for teaching and to enable them to explore what it means to learn and teach mathematics with understanding and to develop their mathematical reasoning with numbers and quantities. We will pay particular attention to how children think about mathematics and learn to use what we know about children’s thinking to design and adapt instructional activities. Throughout the course, the students will examine evidence of children’s reasoning, learning to understand how children generate mathematical ideas.