This course will introduce students to map projections and their associated coordinate systems with emphasis on the (PA and NJ) State Plane Coordinate Systems. The course will cover reduction of surveying observations to map projection systems in detail and focus on the conversion of survey data from one coordinate system to another, Topics will include among other things, projection systems used in survey computations to convert ellipsoidal/spheroidal Earth measurements onto a plane surface including Lambert, Mercator, Transverse Mercator, and UTM map projections, Direct and Indirect methods for coordinate conversion, reduction of surveying observations.