Open only to MAHG Graduate Students. This course analyzes the major political, social, economic and intellectual developments of twentieth-century Europe, the nationalist and ethnic antagonisms that contributed to the First World War, the rise of National Socialism and other fascist movements in the wake of the Great War and the Great Depression, and the causes of World War II and the Holocaust, the transformation and division of Europe at the epicenter of the Cold War, and the reemergence of ethnic strife following the collapse of Communism in 1989.